Glossary of terms
Useful refrigeration related terms and definitions (click on term to see definitions)
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Air curtain
Jet of air, used to reduce infiltration (seal) of cold air (within cabinet) with warmer ambient air (outside of the cabinet) instead of a door. In a vertical multi-deck, the jet travels from top to bottom. In a horizontal cabinet the jet travels horizontally across the top of the cabinet.
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Air discharge
Opening for the discharge of the air curtain.
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Air return
Opening for the air toto return to the cold heat exchanger.
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Assisted service refrigerated display cabinet/case
Serve-over refrigerated display counter cabinet where a person serves the consumer.
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Automatic defrosting
Defrosting where no action by the user is necessary to initiate the removal of frost accumulation and to restore normal operation.
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Automatic Defrosting
Defrosting where no action by the user is necessary to initiate the removal of frost accumulation and to restore normal operation.
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Base Deck
Base of well in which goods are displayed, lowest display surface of a cabinet.
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BS EN 441
Test standard used to assess temperature and energy performance of professional cabinets for ECA accreditation.
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BS EN ISO 23953
Test standard used to assess and energy performance of commercial retail display cabinets.
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Cabinet classification
Standard classification method used in EN23953 to define temperature performance of a cabinet (e.g. M1, M2, H1, H2, L1, L2).
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Canopy
Upper panel or overhang on a vertical cabinet.
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Centralised direct expansion supermarket system
Central plant in the form of a series of compressors and condensers located in a machinery room or an outside location that feeds refrigerant to display cabinets.
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Centralized indirect supermarket system (secondary loop)
Refrigeration for display cabinets provided by a secondary fluid which is pumped between the central plant and the refrigerated display cases.
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Chest Cabinet
Horizontal closed cabinet with transparent lid for retail display, may be opaque for catering or domestic storage.
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Chilled or medium temperature (MT) cabinet
Cabinet to maintain food at chilled temperature (usually classified according to EN23953:2005 as M1, M2, H1, H2).
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Climate class
Test room climate (ambient) classification according to the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity.
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Closed refrigerated display cabinet
Refrigerated cabinet where access to the food is gained by opening a door or lid.
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Combined (vertical/horizontal/multi-deck)
Cabinet consisting of both vertical and horizontal refrigerated compartments.
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Commercial refrigeration appliance
An insulated cabinet, with one or more compartments, intended for display of refrigerated or frozen foodstuffs, but accessible to the end user.
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Compression-type refrigerating system
System in which refrigeration is achieved by the vaporisation at low pressure in a heat exchanger (evaporator) of a liquid refrigerant. The vapour is then mechanically compressed to a higher pressure and subsequently cooled and condensed in another heat exchanger (condenser).
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Condensing unit
Combination of one or more compressors, condensers, liquid receivers (where applicable) and accessories.
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Defrosting
Removal of frost, snow and ice from surfaces (mainly the evaporator) in a refrigerated display cabinet.
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Direct electrical energy consumption (DEC)
Energy consumption of electrical components in the cabinet (e.g. lights, fans etc).
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Discharge air grille (DAG)
Honeycomb or slot for air discharge to straighten the flow and damp turbulence.
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Duty (capacity)
Heat extracted by the cabinet (in kW).
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Ecodesign
The integration of environmental aspects into product design with the aim of improving the environmental performance of the product throughout its whole life cycle.
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Ecodesign requirement
Any requirement in relation to a product, or the design of a product, intended to improve its environmental performance, or any requirement for the supply of information with regard to the environmental aspects of a product.
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Electric defrost
Use of electric resistive heaters to defrost the cabinet.
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End wall
Panel fixed to side of cabinet.
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Energy Technology List (ETL)
List of ECA products.
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Energy-related product
Any item that has an impact on energy consumption during use which is placed on the market and/or put into service, and includes parts intended to be incorporated into energy-related products covered by EC Directive 2009/125/EC which are placed on the market and/or put into service as individual parts for end-users and of which the environmental performance can be assessed independently.
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Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme
UK based scheme that identifies most energy efficient cabinets.
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Environmental impact
Any change to the environment wholly or partially resulting from a product during its life cycle.
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Foodstuffs
Food, ingredients, beverages, including wine, and other items primarily intended for consumption which require refrigeration at specified temperatures.
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Forced air circulation
Where the air circulation within a cabinet is produce by means of external force (i.e. fans).
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Front riser
Vertical (usually transparent) device for retaining the goods within the display area.
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Frozen or low temperature (LT) cabinet/case
Cabinet to maintain food at frozen temperature (usually classified according to EN23953:2015 as L1, L2).
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Full glass door cabinet (FGD)
Cabinet with vertical transparent doors over the full height of a cabinet.
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H1
All M-packs equal to or greater than 1°C and equal to or less than 10°C.
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H2
All ‘m’ packs equal to or greater than -1°C and equal to or less than 10°C.
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Heat extraction rate
Energy removed by evaporator per unit time (in kW).
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Horizontal cabinet (counter)
Cabinet with horizontal display opening at the top, products accessible from above through open top, may sometimes have a lid. Cabinets usually have horizontal or near horizontal air curtain.
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Hot gas defrosting
Use of hot gas from the compressor discharge to defrost the cabinet.
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Household refrigerating appliance
An insulated cabinet, with one or more compartments, intended for refrigerating or freezing foodstuffs, or for the storage of refrigerated or frozen foodstuffs for non-professional purposes.
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Indirect-type refrigerating system
System where a secondary refrigerant circulating system is used to transfer heat between a central refrigerating system and a refrigerated cabinet.
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Integral / self contained / plug-in refrigeration system
A refrigerated cabinet that has the condensing unit built into the cabinet.
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Island site cabinet
Cabinet that can be accessed from all sides and can be multiplexed to form a larger island.
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Kick plate
Vertical plate or plinth at front of cabinet that covers the gap between the floor and base of the cabinet.
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L1
The warmest M-pack should have a maximum temperature equal to or lower than –15°C and a minimum temperature equal to or lower than –18°C.
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L2
The warmest M-pack should have a maximum temperature equal to or lower than –12°C and a minimum temperature equal to or lower than –18°C.
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Life cycle
The consecutive and interlinked stages of a product life from raw material use to final disposal.
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Load limit
Maximum loading area where test packs can be maintained within a defined temperature class. May be marked as load limit line by the manufacturer.
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M-pack
500 g test package fitted with a temperature measuring sensor.
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M-package temperature class
Classification of M-package according to their temperature.
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M0
All M-packs equal to or greater than -1°C and equal to or less than 4°C.
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M1
All M-packs equal to or greater than -1°C and equal to or less than 5°C.
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M2
All M-packs equal to or greater than -1°C and equal to or less than 7°C.
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Manual defrosting
Defrosting where an action by the user is necessary to initiate the removal of frost formation and return to normal operation requires action by the user.
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MEPS
Minimum Energy Performance Standards. Maximum energy allowed to be used for products to be sold.
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Multi-deck cabinet/case
Vertical cabinet without doors and with multiple shelves.
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Multi-temperature cabinet
Cabinet capable of maintaining food in 2 or more compartments operating at different temperatures.
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Night blind
Type of night cover. Cover used to cover open area of display cabinet. May be manually or automatically operated.
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Night cover
Lid, blind or cover used to cover open area of cabinet during periods when cabinet is not being used by customers.
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Off-cycle defrost
Passive defrost, where ice melts naturally during a defined defrost period when the refrigeration system does not operate.
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Pass-through
Cabinet with hinged or sliding doors on both the front and rear of the refrigerator or freezer.
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Professional refrigerating appliance
An insulated cabinet, with one or more compartments, intended for storage of refrigerated or frozen foodstuffs in commercial kitchens.
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Refrigerated display cabinet/case
Cabinet cooled by a refrigerating system which enables chilled and frozen foodstuffs placed within the display area to be maintained within prescribed temperature limits.
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Refrigeration electrical energy (REC)
Energy consumption of a conventional refrigeration system necessary to operate the cabinet.
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Remote condensing unit
System to refrigerate a remote cabinet.
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Remote refrigeration cabinet/case
A cabinet where the refrigerating components are remotely located from the cabinet, usually in a central plant room.
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Return air grille (RAG)
Air grille at bottom or front of cabinet for air return to evaporator.
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Roll-in
Cabinet that allows racks on wheels to be wheeled into refrigerated storage area.
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Secondary refrigerant
Liquid or liquid-solid or gas-liquid fluid used in an indirect type refrigerating system to transfer heat between a primary refrigeration system (usually direct expansion) and the refrigerated cabinet.
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Self-service refrigerated display cabinet
Cabinet where customer selects food (usually prepacked).
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Semi vertical cabinet
Cabinet with angled profile or inclined display opening with overall height of less than 1.5 m.
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Semi-automatic defrosting
Defrosting where an action by the user is necessary to initiate the removal of frost formation but normal operation is restored automatically.
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Serve-over (deli / service over counter)
Flat or slightly sloping based cabinet, usually intended for service of delicatessen or raw unpackaged foods, usually with rear opening (sometimes with hinged or sliding doors) and glass front display.
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Serve-over counter with integrated storage
Refrigerated display cabinet for assisted service which includes refrigerated storage (usually in base).
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Shelf
Surface on which the goods are displayed (excludes base deck).
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Shelf sham
Device to limit the loading of a display surface.
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Static air cabinet
Cabinet with natural, not forced-air circulation.
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Superheat (evaporator)
Temperature difference between refrigerant vapour at suction of evaporator and its saturation temperature.
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Temperature classification
Standard classification method used in BS EN ISO 2395:2015 to define temperature performance of a cabinet (e.g. M1, M2, H1, H2, L1, L2).
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Test package
Packs used to load cabinet when testing to commercial, professional or domestic test standards.
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Test room/chamber
A test facility to allow testing to a particular standard, e.g. EN16825 for professional cabinets and BS EN ISO 23953 for commercial cabinets.
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Total display area (TDA)
Total visible area where food is displayed (includes visible area through the glazing), defined by the sum of horizontal and vertical projected surface areas of any transparent material.
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Total energy consumption (TEC)
Sum of DEC and REC.
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Under-counter
Refrigerated cabinet without a worktop surface, which is intended for installation under a separate counter.
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Vertical/multi-deck cabinet/case
Cabinet with open front, either with vertical air curtain or slightly angled air curtain. May be semi-vertical, multi-deck, roll-in or glass door type of cabinet.
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Wall site cabinet
Cabinet located with its back to a wall or back to back with another cabinet.
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Warm gas defrosting
Use of warm gas from the receiver to defrost the cabinet.